Money & Markets
Technology & Society
The Kodak Decision — Transformation Is Always a Choice
• Kodak's failure was not due to the arrival of digital photography, but rather its repeated choice to prioritize film over digital technology. This choice was made through rational calculation, but ultimately led to the company's extinction. • Other companies, such as Blockbuster, Nokia, and Borders Books, also failed to adapt to changing technologies and market trends, despite having access to the future and the opportunity to make different choices. • Today, the rise of AI is presenting a similar choice to organisations and individuals, with many leaders already prioritising workforce optimisation and AI-generated code, and some companies having made significant progress in integrating AI into their operations.
AI Is Making Tasks Faster. It Isn't Making Companies Richer.
• American companies are expected to spend $675 billion on AI infrastructure in 2026, a 63% increase from last year, but the financial returns on this investment are unclear. • Studies have shown that AI can make tasks faster and improve output quality, but this does not necessarily translate to increased company-level productivity. • Only a small percentage of companies, such as 21% of S&P 500 companies, can cite a measurable AI benefit, and many executives struggle to confidently measure AI return on investment.
Embrace the Uncomfortable — The Case for Walking the Walk
• The gap in productivity, income, and relevance between early adopters and late adopters of transformative technologies tends to widen faster than expected and close slower than hoped. • Companies that built strategies around early versions of the internet, smartphones, and cloud computing captured disproportionate value, while those who waited found the territory already claimed. • Early adopters of AI tools are reportedly experiencing productivity gains of 20 to 40% on drafting, research, and analysis tasks, with companies that redesigned workflows before deployment showing significant measurable benefits.
They Saw It Coming — The Philosophers Who Anticipated This Moment
• British mathematician Alan Turing published "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in 1950, asking the question "Can machines think?" with curiosity and rigour, rather than dismissal or fear. He was excited by the prospect of machine intelligence and explored what it means to think. • Norbert Wiener, a mathematician and founder of cybernetics, published "The Human Use of Human Beings" in 1950, arguing that the danger of intelligent machines lies not in the machines themselves, but in what humans choose to do with them. He hoped automation would liberate people from drudgery. • Wiener's warning in 1950 that automation could concentrate power and displace workers without providing alternatives is still relevant today, with Dario Amodei and other AI researchers echoing similar concerns about the impact of machine intelligence on society.
The Builders Speak. Here Is What They Are Actually Saying.
• Dario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic, believes that AI could disrupt 50% of entry-level white-collar jobs within five years, but also has the potential to compress decades of scientific progress into years and defeat diseases that have resisted medicine for generations. • Amodei views AI as a genuine civilisational test, with the outcome depending on decisions made in the next few years, and believes that with decisive and careful action, the risks can be overcome. • Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, defines AGI as a system that can autonomously discover new science or accelerate the world's rate of scientific discovery fourfold, and sees 2025-2027 as key years for the development of AI capabilities.